typically observational

Nonexperimental research designs: This type of research is not controlled. This type of research is typically observational. This information is grasped after the fact and known as “retrospect” because it is studying things that have already occured and sometimes more prone to bias. A journal on research study designs gives the following example: “..an investigator may be interested in the average age, sex, most common diagnoses, and other characteristics of pediatric patients being transported by air. They may be interested in the prevalence of a clinical presentation pattern or a specific symptom for a given disease. In such studies, the research question would be focused on prevalence rates, or such, rather than causality. They may propose some associations but cannot effectively prove them” (Air Medical Journal, 2007).

Some examples of nonexperimental research designs are:

• cross      sectional study
• case      control study
• historical      controls
• surveys/      questionaires
• case      series
• case      report

Reference:

Air Medical Journal. 2007. Research Study Designs: Non-Experimental. Retrieved from

https://www.airmedicaljournal.com/article/S1067-991X(06)00309-9/pdf

Statistics Solutions. 2018. Research Designs: Non-experimental vs. Experimental. Retrieved from https://www.statisticssolutions.com/research-designs-non-experimental-vs-experimental/